Author: Sameera Rangwala, M.S., M.P.H.

Cancer treatment, while saving lives, can sometimes have unpleasant side effects. One such discomfort is mouth sores, also known as mucositis. These painful lesions can complicate eating, talking, and even smiling, adding to patients’ challenges. So, why exactly do cancer patients get mouth sores, and what can be done about them?

The Culprits Behind the Soreness

The main culprits behind mouth sores in cancer patients are often the treatments meant to help them: 

• Chemotherapy: These powerful drugs target rapidly dividing cells lining your mouth and throat. This damage leads to inflammation and the formation of painful ulcers.
• Radiation therapy: If directed at the head and neck, radiation can zap the salivary glands responsible for keeping your mouth moist. A dry mouth becomes a breeding ground for infections and sores.
• Immunosuppression: Some cancer treatments weaken the immune system, making patients more susceptible to fungal, bacterial, and viral infections that can manifest as mouth sores.

Beyond the Big Three

While these are the main culprits, other factors can also contribute to mouth sores:

• Dehydration: Lack of fluids dries out the mouth, worsening existing sores and creating a haven for infections.

• Poor oral hygiene: Pain or weakness can make proper brushing and flossing difficult, further complicating the situation.

• Medications: Pain relievers, anti-nausea drugs, and other medications can sometimes contribute to dry mouth and increase the risk of sores.

• Nutritional deficiencies: Lack of essential vitamins and protein can hinder healing and make patients more prone to infections.

• Pre-existing conditions: Diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions can influence the development and healing of mouth sores.

Prevention is Key

Not everyone who undergoes cancer treatment experiences mouth sores, but for those who do, it can add an unwelcome layer of pain to an already challenging journey. But while they can be unpleasant, it’s essential to know that mouth sores are manageable.

First things first: mouth sores vary! Their severity depends on individual factors and specific treatment details. Some experience minor irritation, while others face more pain and difficulty eating. The key takeaway? Early diagnosis and management are crucial.

Addressing mouth sores early helps minimize discomfort and potential complications. Talk to your doctor or dentist at the first sign of trouble. They can offer personalized advice and treatment options to get you feeling better faster.

Now, let’s dive into some preventative measures recommended by cancer physicians and symptom specialists:

• Before treatment: Schedule a dental checkup and address any existing issues. Discuss potential risks with your dentist and ask about preventive measures.
• Stay ahead of the curve: Brush gently with a soft toothbrush before, during, and after cancer treatment. Regularly rinsing with a mild mouthwash can also help.
• Hydration is essential: Keep your mouth moist by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Carry a water bottle with you – staying hydrated is always a good idea!
• Choose soothing foods: Opt for soft, cool, and bland, gentle foods on your mouth. Think mashed potatoes, yogurt, and smoothies. Avoid spicy, acidic, or rough foods that can irritate your mouth.
• Avoid irritants: Steer clear of spicy, acidic, and salty foods that can aggravate mouth sores.
• Medications for magic: This doctor-prescribed concoction often combines anesthetics, antifungals, and other medications to fight pain and infection. Ask your doctor about medications like benzydamine (a mouth rinse) that can offer some protection against mouth sores, especially for radiation treatment.
• Soothe the Soreness: Saltwater rinse: Mix 1 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse your mouth gently. Do this several times a day.
• Moisturize your lips: Use lip balm to prevent dryness and cracking.

By following these tips and proactively discussing any concerns with your healthcare team, you can navigate mouth sores effectively and experience greater comfort throughout your cancer treatment journey. Remember, knowledge and communication are key!

Resources and References:

• Oral Cancer Foundation: https://oralcancerfoundation.org/complications/mucositis/
• Medline Plus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000047.htm
• MayoClinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/in-depth/mouth-sores/art-20045486
• American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/eating-problems/mouth-sores.html
• MD Anderson Cancer Center: https://www.mdanderson.org/patients-family/diagnosis-treatment/emotional-physical-effects/oral-care.html
• National Health Service: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/benzydamine/#:~:text=Benzydamine%20is%20an%20NSAID%20

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About the Author: Sameera Rangwala, M.S., M.P.H.

With over 15 years of experience in the biotechnology industry and a passion for science education, Sameera Rangwala is a life science educator who actively engages with the cancer community through her informative blog posts and words of encouragement.

Please note: This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.